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Anesthesia ventilators are life-sustaining mechanical ventilation devices. These machines have been used in hospitals for decades, but the FDA has only recently approved their use for long-term ventilator support in the ICU. During the COVID-19 pandemic, anesthesia machines are being used as backups to operating rooms. Despite the FDA's restrictions, some machines can provide life-sustaining mechanical ventilation. A variety of factors should be considered before choosing an anesthesia ventilator.

In the absence of a medically necessary gas, LMA may be used. LMA requires a light plane to avoid the complications of respiratory acidosis and bucking, and maintaining an anesthesia plane too deep causes respiratory acidosis. In order to minimize bucking, ventilators with support modes provide normocapnia. Pressure support ventilation, including continuous positive airway pressure, and airway pressure release ventilation, are features that are integrated into many ventilators.

Anesthesia ventilators can also be equipped with a built-in mechanical ventilator. The latter allows the anaesthetist to manually ventilate a patient with a reservoir bag. An additional option is jet ventilation, which uses the machine's oxygen supply to provide oxygen to the patient. Regardless of the method, anesthesia ventilators are essential to the safe and successful operation of a patient. So how do anesthesia ventilators work?

Anaesthesia ventilators come in many different types. In general, there are two types of ventilation systems: double circuit and single circuit. The former has a bellows-like design, and uses a pressurised driving gas to provide ventilation to the patient. The driving gas is connected to the outside of the bellows, while the latter is connected to the breathing system's gas. The two systems are called dual circuit, and the Datex ohmeda (r) and North American Drager AV-E are examples of double-circuit ventilators.

Double circuit ventilators are most commonly used in modern anaesthesia workstations. The double-circuit ventilator uses a bellows that is inflated with a pressurised driving gas. The driving gas is placed outside the bellows, while the inner part is connected to the breathing system's gas. A double-circuit anaesthesia ventilator is a dual-circuit device, as it requires two separate sets of batteries to operate.

The Sechrist ventilator uses the T piece principle to provide intermittent positive pressure ventilation. The pneumatically operated valve replaces the anaesthetist's thumb and controls the cycling of the valve. This type of anaesthesia ventilator is similar to an anaesthesia-breathing tube, but does not require any mechanical support. Its main purpose is to provide the patient with anesthesia. It is also used during critical care.

The most common types of anaesthesia ventilators use an ascending and a descending bellows design. The ascending bellows move upward during the inspiratory phase, while the descending bellows descend during the expiratory phase. The descending bellows are weighted and continue to rise after the disconnection of the driving gas. When the two modes are in the same position, the ventilators are not working at all.