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Ligament replacement
A lateral acromioclavicular (LAC) ligament is part of the acromioclavicular joint. Located between the acromion and a crest on the acromion, the ACJ is a diarthrodial joint. Several structures support the joint, including a wedge-shaped fibrocartilaginous disk. The ACJ is reinforced by a complex of acromioclavicular tendons and ligaments that insert into the capsule of the acromioclavoclavicular joint.
A lateral acromioclavicular insertion is made to hold the acromioclavicular joint in place. The acromioclavicular interspace is typically 6-7 mm, with a difference of 2 to 3 mm between the right and left sides. The lateral acromioclavoclavicular ligament is made of three layers that attach the acromioclavicle to the coracoclavicular joint. In addition to being important for shoulder stability, the LACL can also be a source of pain.
A lateral acromioclavicular joint injury commonly presents with pain over the shoulder. The patient will describe a pain over the acromioclavicular region and may also experience deformity. Patients with this condition will often report that they experience shoulder pain or a numbness. A deformity of the LACL is often present. It is important to consult a qualified orthopedic surgeon as soon as possible after the injury to ensure the best outcome.
Surgical repair is the only treatment available for type III acromioclavicular joint injury. Surgical repair is performed for patients whose AC joint has been damaged due to a fracture. In recent studies, more than 60 surgical approaches have been used to repair this condition. The choice of surgical repair depends on the acuity of the injury and patient demographics. It may be referred to as acapuloclavicular dislocation.
The ACJ is made up of three components: the anterior component and the inferior component. The superior component has merging fibers of the deltotrapezial fascia. The inferior part of the ACJ is attached to the acromion. The posterior acromioclavicular joint is covered by the superior acromioclavicular and its lateral acromioclavicular acromioclavicle.
The conoid ligament is a thick, conical attachment of the acromioclavicular joint. It is usually continuous with the transverse scapular ligament. The lateral acromioclavicular attachment is inserted posteriorly into the capsule of the shoulder. The conoid and trapezoid parts are connected by a triangular space.
The acromioclavicular joint is a plane synovial joint between the clavicle and the scapula. The acromioclavicle is the base of the arm, and the scapula is the cap. The acromioclavical joint connects the scapula and acromioclavicular articulation.