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Calcium phosphate ceramic (CaP) is a versatile material for bone replacement. However, it gradually degrades in the body after implantation due to several environmental factors. The degradation of CaP is controlled by the actions of osteoclasts, which resorb synthetic substrates. The degradation of CaP ceramics also involves phagocytotic and acidic mechanisms. In addition to these processes, it is important to remember that the solubilization of CaP ceramics is induced by mesenchymal cells. The mesenchymal cells and osteoclasts are active participants in the process.

The chemical similarity between CaP and mammalian teeth and bones make it a natural material for various biomedical applications. The chemical properties of this material allow it to reduce pain and restore functions of diseased calcified tissues. This material is used in orthopedics, spinal surgery, and other medical fields, for example, as an implant coating or bone substitute. Amirian J. studied the bioactive properties of a porous gelatin-pectin-biphasic calcium phosphate composite.

The mechanical properties of CaP make them inadequate for load-bearing implants. In order to avoid failures caused by stress forces in the material-tissue interface, calcium phosphate ceramics (CaP) are coated with an HA compound. This method improves the implant's lifetime and minimizes the risk of re-implant failures. But despite the limitations of this ceramic, it is not an ideal material for the regenerative medicine field.

As with other ceramics, calcium phosphates are biodegradable and are used in biomedical applications. Because of their structural and chemical similarities to bone, they have excellent osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. The biphasic structure of the calcium phosphate sponge allows it to be processed into different shapes and forms. This material also resists cyclic loads, making it a good choice for dental implants.

The mechanical properties of CaP limit their use in load bearing implants. However, they are useful as coatings for metallic implants. Moreover, these ceramics are bioactive and bioinactive. These characteristics of a ceramic material allow it to enhance the properties of other materials. This is beneficial to dentistry because it makes the process of implant placement more efficient and effective. It reduces the risk of complications and helps the implant to function better.

The biodegradability of CaP ceramics has been studied using in vitro methods in laboratory settings. Typical in vitro studies involve using Tris/HCl buffer, which is not representative of the complex fluids found in the body. The physicochemical properties of BCP ceramics are similar to those of calcium phosphate in vivo. These characteristics are key to its durability. This material is characterized by high porosity and large specific surface area.

Although calcium phosphate ceramics are not a good replacement for natural bone, they do have some advantages for loading-bearing applications. These include its low weight, high strength, and low permeability. In addition, it is a good biodegradable material. If you want to use it for this purpose, it is recommended to consult a professional. If you don't have a doctor, it is essential to consult a physician before deciding on a calcium phosphate product.