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Evaluation of contact plates
The first step in evaluating the performance of a contact plate is to determine the recovery rate of a target microorganism. The recovery rate of S. aureus is calculated by combining the first and second contact plate. If the rate is higher than the risk alpha (0.05), then the surface may not be the primary factor in influencing the recovery. However, if it is lower, the surface may be the primary factor in the variation of the results.
This study investigated the influence of surface type, inoculum quality, and contact plate supplier on the recovery rate of microorganisms. The study used a standardized protocol to test three industry-relevant surfaces and three different contact plate suppliers. The results showed a variation in the recovery rates for each surface. The recovery rate for each surface was approximately 30 percent, and for the first application, only 20 percent of the sample was recovered. After two weeks, the second application increased the recovery rate to 60 percent, while the third application was even more efficient at 70 percent.
Recovery rates for S. aureus were similar between three media suppliers. The first plate was recovered in 85%. The results for the two other media suppliers showed higher variability. The second and third contact plates were also applied, resulting in a cumulative recovery rate of 65 to 95 %. The results were compared using a nested ANOVA test with a risk alpha of 5%. When evaluating the results of a contact plate application, the manufacturer should consider the inoculum's composition.
The most effective contact plate evaluations were those that demonstrated superior microbial recovery rates on surfaces like stainless steel and vinyl. These methods are common in pharmaceutical and healthcare facilities and are understudied, but they are highly effective. The results are more reliable when applied in a multi-method environment. For example, when a single sample is compared to hundreds of samples from different cultures, it is not unusual for a single-microorganism to be recovered at a lower rate on the second or third application.
The most important aspect of contact plate evaluation is the reproducibility of the results. If the first contact plate application is not able to recover 40 % of P. commune, it could be attributed to the inoculation method. But when a single sample is compared with successive applications, the average recovery rate for each plate is higher than 40%. During the first contact plate application, the second and third contact plate application can recover more than 60 % of P. commune.
In order to accurately assess the effectiveness of a sanitised surface, a contact plate must be prepared with a variety of biocides. Most biocides that are not oxidised require a low concentration. In addition to biocides, nonoxidising agents include quaternary ammonium compounds, bis-biguanides, phenolics, and aldehydes. Further, non-oxidising agents require less than 25 ml of liquid for each plate. By contrast, chlorine based disinfectants need a higher concentration of solution.